![]() ![]() Chapter 2 (“How the Wicked World Was Made”) follows up by explaining the opposing concept of “wicked” environments. Sports and chess are examples of kind environments. However, Epstein points out, the version of training they received is only suitable to so-called “kind” environments, in which rules are clear, outcomes are definitive, and feedback is swift. Laszlo Polgar trained his daughters from an early age to become masters of chess, and they did indeed achieve exceptional success. ![]() Epstein draws on these contrasting stories to introduce one of the basic points of Range: while sustained, focused training from an early age can lead to some versions of success, many fields and individuals benefit from the many other paths of development that exist.Ĭhapter 1 (“The Cult of the Head Start”) expands on the book’s introduction by telling the story of the Polgars, a family that includes several famous chess champions. Woods was made to practice golf intensively from a very young age while Federer was given the freedom to explore a number of sports and only settled on tennis in his late teens by his own choice. While both men have become some of the most elite athletes in history (in the sports of golf and tennis, respectively), their paths to success look very different. In the “Introduction,” Epstein introduces the contrasting stories of Tiger Woods and Roger Federer. ![]()
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